#
# XML-RPC CLIENT LIBRARY
# $Id$
#
# an XML-RPC client interface for Python.
#
# the marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
# implement XML-RPC servers.
#
# Notes:
# this version is designed to work with Python 2.1 or newer.
#
# History:
# 1999-01-14 fl Created
# 1999-01-15 fl Changed dateTime to use localtime
# 1999-01-16 fl Added Binary/base64 element, default to RPC2 service
# 1999-01-19 fl Fixed array data element (from Skip Montanaro)
# 1999-01-21 fl Fixed dateTime constructor, etc.
# 1999-02-02 fl Added fault handling, handle empty sequences, etc.
# 1999-02-10 fl Fixed problem with empty responses (from Skip Montanaro)
# 1999-06-20 fl Speed improvements, pluggable parsers/transports (0.9.8)
# 2000-11-28 fl Changed boolean to check the truth value of its argument
# 2001-02-24 fl Added encoding/Unicode/SafeTransport patches
# 2001-02-26 fl Added compare support to wrappers (0.9.9/1.0b1)
# 2001-03-28 fl Make sure response tuple is a singleton
# 2001-03-29 fl Don't require empty params element (from Nicholas Riley)
# 2001-06-10 fl Folded in _xmlrpclib accelerator support (1.0b2)
# 2001-08-20 fl Base xmlrpclib.Error on built-in Exception (from Paul Prescod)
# 2001-09-03 fl Allow Transport subclass to override getparser
# 2001-09-10 fl Lazy import of urllib, cgi, xmllib (20x import speedup)
# 2001-10-01 fl Remove containers from memo cache when done with them
# 2001-10-01 fl Use faster escape method (80% dumps speedup)
# 2001-10-02 fl More dumps microtuning
# 2001-10-04 fl Make sure import expat gets a parser (from Guido van Rossum)
# 2001-10-10 sm Allow long ints to be passed as ints if they don't overflow
# 2001-10-17 sm Test for int and long overflow (allows use on 64-bit systems)
# 2001-11-12 fl Use repr() to marshal doubles (from Paul Felix)
# 2002-03-17 fl Avoid buffered read when possible (from James Rucker)
# 2002-04-07 fl Added pythondoc comments
# 2002-04-16 fl Added __str__ methods to datetime/binary wrappers
# 2002-05-15 fl Added error constants (from Andrew Kuchling)
# 2002-06-27 fl Merged with Python CVS version
# 2002-10-22 fl Added basic authentication (based on code from Phillip Eby)
# 2003-01-22 sm Add support for the bool type
# 2003-02-27 gvr Remove apply calls
# 2003-04-24 sm Use cStringIO if available
# 2003-04-25 ak Add support for nil
# 2003-06-15 gn Add support for time.struct_time
# 2003-07-12 gp Correct marshalling of Faults
# 2003-10-31 mvl Add multicall support
# 2004-08-20 mvl Bump minimum supported Python version to 2.1
# 2014-12-02 ch/doko Add workaround for gzip bomb vulnerability
#
# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB.
# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh.
#
# info@pythonware.com
# http://www.pythonware.com
#
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# The XML-RPC client interface is
#
# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Secret Labs AB
# Copyright (c) 1999-2002 by Fredrik Lundh
#
# By obtaining, using, and/or copying this software and/or its
# associated documentation, you agree that you have read, understood,
# and will comply with the following terms and conditions:
#
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
# its associated documentation for any purpose and without fee is
# hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in
# all copies, and that both that copyright notice and this permission
# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of
# Secret Labs AB or the author not be used in advertising or publicity
# pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written
# prior permission.
#
# SECRET LABS AB AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD
# TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANT-
# ABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL SECRET LABS AB OR THE AUTHOR
# BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY
# DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,
# WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS
# ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE
# OF THIS SOFTWARE.
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# things to look into some day:
# TODO: sort out True/False/boolean issues for Python 2.3
"""
An XML-RPC client interface for Python.
The marshalling and response parser code can also be used to
implement XML-RPC servers.
Exported exceptions:
Error Base class for client errors
ProtocolError Indicates an HTTP protocol error
ResponseError Indicates a broken response package
Fault Indicates an XML-RPC fault package
Exported classes:
ServerProxy Represents a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
MultiCall Executor of boxcared xmlrpc requests
Boolean boolean wrapper to generate a "boolean" XML-RPC value
DateTime dateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
localtime integer value to generate a "dateTime.iso8601"
XML-RPC value
Binary binary data wrapper
SlowParser Slow but safe standard parser (based on xmllib)
Marshaller Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure
Unmarshaller Unmarshal an XML-RPC response from incoming XML event message
Transport Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server
SafeTransport Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server
Exported constants:
True
False
Exported functions:
boolean Convert any Python value to an XML-RPC boolean
getparser Create instance of the fastest available parser & attach
to an unmarshalling object
dumps Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
loads Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
name (None if not present).
"""
import re, string, time, operator
from types import *
import socket
import errno
import httplib
try:
import gzip
except ImportError:
gzip = None #python can be built without zlib/gzip support
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Internal stuff
try:
unicode
except NameError:
unicode = None # unicode support not available
try:
import datetime
except ImportError:
datetime = None
try:
_bool_is_builtin = False.__class__.__name__ == "bool"
except NameError:
_bool_is_builtin = 0
def _decode(data, encoding, is8bit=re.compile("[\x80-\xff]").search):
# decode non-ascii string (if possible)
if unicode and encoding and is8bit(data):
data = unicode(data, encoding)
return data
def escape(s, replace=string.replace):
s = replace(s, "&", "&")
s = replace(s, "<", "<")
return replace(s, ">", ">",)
if unicode:
def _stringify(string):
# convert to 7-bit ascii if possible
try:
return string.encode("ascii")
except UnicodeError:
return string
else:
def _stringify(string):
return string
__version__ = "1.0.1"
# xmlrpc integer limits
MAXINT = 2L**31-1
MININT = -2L**31
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Error constants (from Dan Libby's specification at
# http://xmlrpc-epi.sourceforge.net/specs/rfc.fault_codes.php)
# Ranges of errors
PARSE_ERROR = -32700
SERVER_ERROR = -32600
APPLICATION_ERROR = -32500
SYSTEM_ERROR = -32400
TRANSPORT_ERROR = -32300
# Specific errors
NOT_WELLFORMED_ERROR = -32700
UNSUPPORTED_ENCODING = -32701
INVALID_ENCODING_CHAR = -32702
INVALID_XMLRPC = -32600
METHOD_NOT_FOUND = -32601
INVALID_METHOD_PARAMS = -32602
INTERNAL_ERROR = -32603
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Exceptions
##
# Base class for all kinds of client-side errors.
class Error(Exception):
"""Base class for client errors."""
def __str__(self):
return repr(self)
##
# Indicates an HTTP-level protocol error. This is raised by the HTTP
# transport layer, if the server returns an error code other than 200
# (OK).
#
# @param url The target URL.
# @param errcode The HTTP error code.
# @param errmsg The HTTP error message.
# @param headers The HTTP header dictionary.
class ProtocolError(Error):
"""Indicates an HTTP protocol error."""
def __init__(self, url, errcode, errmsg, headers):
Error.__init__(self)
self.url = url
self.errcode = errcode
self.errmsg = errmsg
self.headers = headers
def __repr__(self):
return (
"<ProtocolError for %s: %s %s>" %
(self.url, self.errcode, self.errmsg)
)
##
# Indicates a broken XML-RPC response package. This exception is
# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response is
# malformed.
class ResponseError(Error):
"""Indicates a broken response package."""
pass
##
# Indicates an XML-RPC fault response package. This exception is
# raised by the unmarshalling layer, if the XML-RPC response contains
# a fault string. This exception can also used as a class, to
# generate a fault XML-RPC message.
#
# @param faultCode The XML-RPC fault code.
# @param faultString The XML-RPC fault string.
class Fault(Error):
"""Indicates an XML-RPC fault package."""
def __init__(self, faultCode, faultString, **extra):
Error.__init__(self)
self.faultCode = faultCode
self.faultString = faultString
def __repr__(self):
return (
"<Fault %s: %s>" %
(self.faultCode, repr(self.faultString))
)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# Special values
##
# Wrapper for XML-RPC boolean values. Use the xmlrpclib.True and
# xmlrpclib.False constants, or the xmlrpclib.boolean() function, to
# generate boolean XML-RPC values.
#
# @param value A boolean value. Any true value is interpreted as True,
# all other values are interpreted as False.
from sys import modules
mod_dict = modules[__name__].__dict__
if _bool_is_builtin:
boolean = Boolean = bool
# to avoid breaking code which references xmlrpclib.{True,False}
mod_dict['True'] = True
mod_dict['False'] = False
else:
class Boolean:
"""Boolean-value wrapper.
Use True or False to generate a "boolean" XML-RPC value.
"""
def __init__(self, value = 0):
self.value = operator.truth(value)
def encode(self, out):
out.write("<value><boolean>%d</boolean></value>\n" % self.value)
def __cmp__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, Boolean):
other = other.value
return cmp(self.value, other)
def __repr__(self):
if self.value:
return "<Boolean True at %x>" % id(self)
else:
return "<Boolean False at %x>" % id(self)
def __int__(self):
return self.value
def __nonzero__(self):
return self.value
mod_dict['True'] = Boolean(1)
mod_dict['False'] = Boolean(0)
##
# Map true or false value to XML-RPC boolean values.
#
# @def boolean(value)
# @param value A boolean value. Any true value is mapped to True,
# all other values are mapped to False.
# @return xmlrpclib.True or xmlrpclib.False.
# @see Boolean
# @see True
# @see False
def boolean(value, _truefalse=(False, True)):
"""Convert any Python value to XML-RPC 'boolean'."""
return _truefalse[operator.truth(value)]
del modules, mod_dict
##
# Wrapper for XML-RPC DateTime values. This converts a time value to
# the format used by XML-RPC.
# <p>
# The value can be given as a string in the format
# "yyyymmddThh:mm:ss", as a 9-item time tuple (as returned by
# time.localtime()), or an integer value (as returned by time.time()).
# The wrapper uses time.localtime() to convert an integer to a time
# tuple.
#
# @param value The time, given as an ISO 8601 string, a time
# tuple, or an integer time value.
def _strftime(value):
if datetime:
if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
return "%04d%02d%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % (
value.year, value.month, value.day,
value.hour, value.minute, value.second)
if not isinstance(value, (TupleType, time.struct_time)):
if value == 0:
value = time.time()
value = time.localtime(value)
return "%04d%02d%02dT%02d:%02d:%02d" % value[:6]
class DateTime:
"""DateTime wrapper for an ISO 8601 string or time tuple or
localtime integer value to generate 'dateTime.iso8601' XML-RPC
value.
"""
def __init__(self, value=0):
if isinstance(value, StringType):
self.value = value
else:
self.value = _strftime(value)
def make_comparable(self, other):
if isinstance(other, DateTime):
s = self.value
o = other.value
elif datetime and isinstance(other, datetime.datetime):
s = self.value
o = other.strftime("%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
elif isinstance(other, basestring):
s = self.value
o = other
elif hasattr(other, "timetuple"):
s = self.timetuple()
o = other.timetuple()
else:
otype = (hasattr(other, "__class__")
and other.__class__.__name__
or type(other))
raise TypeError("Can't compare %s and %s" %
(self.__class__.__name__, otype))
return s, o
def __lt__(self, other):
s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
return s < o
def __le__(self, other):
s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
return s <= o
def __gt__(self, other):
s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
return s > o
def __ge__(self, other):
s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
return s >= o
def __eq__(self, other):
s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
return s == o
def __ne__(self, other):
s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
return s != o
def timetuple(self):
return time.strptime(self.value, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
def __cmp__(self, other):
s, o = self.make_comparable(other)
return cmp(s, o)
##
# Get date/time value.
#
# @return Date/time value, as an ISO 8601 string.
def __str__(self):
return self.value
def __repr__(self):
return "<DateTime %s at %x>" % (repr(self.value), id(self))
def decode(self, data):
data = str(data)
self.value = string.strip(data)
def encode(self, out):
out.write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
out.write(self.value)
out.write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
def _datetime(data):
# decode xml element contents into a DateTime structure.
value = DateTime()
value.decode(data)
return value
def _datetime_type(data):
t = time.strptime(data, "%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S")
return datetime.datetime(*tuple(t)[:6])
##
# Wrapper for binary data. This can be used to transport any kind
# of binary data over XML-RPC, using BASE64 encoding.
#
# @param data An 8-bit string containing arbitrary data.
import base64
try:
import cStringIO as StringIO
except ImportError:
import StringIO
class Binary:
"""Wrapper for binary data."""
def __init__(self, data=None):
self.data = data
##
# Get buffer contents.
#
# @return Buffer contents, as an 8-bit string.
def __str__(self):
return self.data or ""
def __cmp__(self, other):
if isinstance(other, Binary):
other = other.data
return cmp(self.data, other)
def decode(self, data):
self.data = base64.decodestring(data)
def encode(self, out):
out.write("<value><base64>\n")
base64.encode(StringIO.StringIO(self.data), out)
out.write("</base64></value>\n")
def _binary(data):
# decode xml element contents into a Binary structure
value = Binary()
value.decode(data)
return value
WRAPPERS = (DateTime, Binary)
if not _bool_is_builtin:
WRAPPERS = WRAPPERS + (Boolean,)
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# XML parsers
try:
# optional xmlrpclib accelerator
import _xmlrpclib
FastParser = _xmlrpclib.Parser
FastUnmarshaller = _xmlrpclib.Unmarshaller
except (AttributeError, ImportError):
FastParser = FastUnmarshaller = None
try:
import _xmlrpclib
FastMarshaller = _xmlrpclib.Marshaller
except (AttributeError, ImportError):
FastMarshaller = None
try:
from xml.parsers import expat
if not hasattr(expat, "ParserCreate"):
raise ImportError
except ImportError:
ExpatParser = None # expat not available
else:
class ExpatParser:
# fast expat parser for Python 2.0 and later.
def __init__(self, target):
self._parser = parser = expat.ParserCreate(None, None)
self._target = target
parser.StartElementHandler = target.start
parser.EndElementHandler = target.end
parser.CharacterDataHandler = target.data
encoding = None
if not parser.returns_unicode:
encoding = "utf-8"
target.xml(encoding, None)
def feed(self, data):
self._parser.Parse(data, 0)
def close(self):
try:
parser = self._parser
except AttributeError:
pass
else:
del self._target, self._parser # get rid of circular references
parser.Parse("", 1) # end of data
class SlowParser:
"""Default XML parser (based on xmllib.XMLParser)."""
# this is the slowest parser.
def __init__(self, target):
import xmllib # lazy subclassing (!)
if xmllib.XMLParser not in SlowParser.__bases__:
SlowParser.__bases__ = (xmllib.XMLParser,)
self.handle_xml = target.xml
self.unknown_starttag = target.start
self.handle_data = target.data
self.handle_cdata = target.data
self.unknown_endtag = target.end
try:
xmllib.XMLParser.__init__(self, accept_utf8=1)
except TypeError:
xmllib.XMLParser.__init__(self) # pre-2.0
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# XML-RPC marshalling and unmarshalling code
##
# XML-RPC marshaller.
#
# @param encoding Default encoding for 8-bit strings. The default
# value is None (interpreted as UTF-8).
# @see dumps
class Marshaller:
"""Generate an XML-RPC params chunk from a Python data structure.
Create a Marshaller instance for each set of parameters, and use
the "dumps" method to convert your data (represented as a tuple)
to an XML-RPC params chunk. To write a fault response, pass a
Fault instance instead. You may prefer to use the "dumps" module
function for this purpose.
"""
# by the way, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
# that's perfectly ok.
def __init__(self, encoding=None, allow_none=0):
self.memo = {}
self.data = None
self.encoding = encoding
self.allow_none = allow_none
dispatch = {}
def dumps(self, values):
out = []
write = out.append
dump = self.__dump
if isinstance(values, Fault):
# fault instance
write("<fault>\n")
dump({'faultCode': values.faultCode,
'faultString': values.faultString},
write)
write("</fault>\n")
else:
# parameter block
# FIXME: the xml-rpc specification allows us to leave out
# the entire <params> block if there are no parameters.
# however, changing this may break older code (including
# old versions of xmlrpclib.py), so this is better left as
# is for now. See @XMLRPC3 for more information. /F
write("<params>\n")
for v in values:
write("<param>\n")
dump(v, write)
write("</param>\n")
write("</params>\n")
result = string.join(out, "")
return result
def __dump(self, value, write):
try:
f = self.dispatch[type(value)]
except KeyError:
# check if this object can be marshalled as a structure
try:
value.__dict__
except:
raise TypeError, "cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value)
# check if this class is a sub-class of a basic type,
# because we don't know how to marshal these types
# (e.g. a string sub-class)
for type_ in type(value).__mro__:
if type_ in self.dispatch.keys():
raise TypeError, "cannot marshal %s objects" % type(value)
f = self.dispatch[InstanceType]
f(self, value, write)
def dump_nil (self, value, write):
if not self.allow_none:
raise TypeError, "cannot marshal None unless allow_none is enabled"
write("<value><nil/></value>")
dispatch[NoneType] = dump_nil
def dump_int(self, value, write):
# in case ints are > 32 bits
if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
raise OverflowError, "int exceeds XML-RPC limits"
write("<value><int>")
write(str(value))
write("</int></value>\n")
dispatch[IntType] = dump_int
if _bool_is_builtin:
def dump_bool(self, value, write):
write("<value><boolean>")
write(value and "1" or "0")
write("</boolean></value>\n")
dispatch[bool] = dump_bool
def dump_long(self, value, write):
if value > MAXINT or value < MININT:
raise OverflowError, "long int exceeds XML-RPC limits"
write("<value><int>")
write(str(int(value)))
write("</int></value>\n")
dispatch[LongType] = dump_long
def dump_double(self, value, write):
write("<value><double>")
write(repr(value))
write("</double></value>\n")
dispatch[FloatType] = dump_double
def dump_string(self, value, write, escape=escape):
write("<value><string>")
write(escape(value))
write("</string></value>\n")
dispatch[StringType] = dump_string
if unicode:
def dump_unicode(self, value, write, escape=escape):
write("<value><string>")
write(escape(value).encode(self.encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace'))
write("</string></value>\n")
dispatch[UnicodeType] = dump_unicode
def dump_array(self, value, write):
i = id(value)
if i in self.memo:
raise TypeError, "cannot marshal recursive sequences"
self.memo[i] = None
dump = self.__dump
write("<value><array><data>\n")
for v in value:
dump(v, write)
write("</data></array></value>\n")
del self.memo[i]
dispatch[TupleType] = dump_array
dispatch[ListType] = dump_array
def dump_struct(self, value, write, escape=escape):
i = id(value)
if i in self.memo:
raise TypeError, "cannot marshal recursive dictionaries"
self.memo[i] = None
dump = self.__dump
write("<value><struct>\n")
for k, v in value.items():
write("<member>\n")
if type(k) is StringType:
k = escape(k)
elif unicode and type(k) is UnicodeType:
k = escape(k).encode(self.encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace')
else:
raise TypeError, "dictionary key must be string"
write("<name>%s</name>\n" % k)
dump(v, write)
write("</member>\n")
write("</struct></value>\n")
del self.memo[i]
dispatch[DictType] = dump_struct
if datetime:
def dump_datetime(self, value, write):
write("<value><dateTime.iso8601>")
write(_strftime(value))
write("</dateTime.iso8601></value>\n")
dispatch[datetime.datetime] = dump_datetime
def dump_instance(self, value, write):
# check for special wrappers
if value.__class__ in WRAPPERS:
self.write = write
value.encode(self)
del self.write
else:
# store instance attributes as a struct (really?)
self.dump_struct(value.__dict__, write)
dispatch[InstanceType] = dump_instance
##
# XML-RPC unmarshaller.
#
# @see loads
class Unmarshaller:
"""Unmarshal an XML-RPC response, based on incoming XML event
messages (start, data, end). Call close() to get the resulting
data structure.
Note that this reader is fairly tolerant, and gladly accepts bogus
XML-RPC data without complaining (but not bogus XML).
"""
# and again, if you don't understand what's going on in here,
# that's perfectly ok.
def __init__(self, use_datetime=0):
self._type = None
self._stack = []
self._marks = []
self._data = []
self._value = False
self._methodname = None
self._encoding = "utf-8"
self.append = self._stack.append
self._use_datetime = use_datetime
if use_datetime and not datetime:
raise ValueError, "the datetime module is not available"
def close(self):
# return response tuple and target method
if self._type is None or self._marks:
raise ResponseError()
if self._type == "fault":
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
return tuple(self._stack)
def getmethodname(self):
return self._methodname
#
# event handlers
def xml(self, encoding, standalone):
self._encoding = encoding
# FIXME: assert standalone == 1 ???
def start(self, tag, attrs):
# prepare to handle this element
if tag == "array" or tag == "struct":
self._marks.append(len(self._stack))
self._data = []
if self._value and tag not in self.dispatch:
raise ResponseError("unknown tag %r" % tag)
self._value = (tag == "value")
def data(self, text):
self._data.append(text)
def end(self, tag, join=string.join):
# call the appropriate end tag handler
try:
f = self.dispatch[tag]
except KeyError:
pass # unknown tag ?
else:
return f(self, join(self._data, ""))
#
# accelerator support
def end_dispatch(self, tag, data):
# dispatch data
try:
f = self.dispatch[tag]
except KeyError:
pass # unknown tag ?
else:
return f(self, data)
#
# element decoders
dispatch = {}
def end_nil (self, data):
self.append(None)
self._value = 0
dispatch["nil"] = end_nil
def end_boolean(self, data):
if data == "0":
self.append(False)
elif data == "1":
self.append(True)
else:
raise TypeError, "bad boolean value"
self._value = 0
dispatch["boolean"] = end_boolean
def end_int(self, data):
self.append(int(data))
self._value = 0
dispatch["i4"] = end_int
dispatch["i8"] = end_int
dispatch["int"] = end_int
def end_double(self, data):
self.append(float(data))
self._value = 0
dispatch["double"] = end_double
def end_string(self, data):
if self._encoding:
data = _decode(data, self._encoding)
self.append(_stringify(data))
self._value = 0
dispatch["string"] = end_string
dispatch["name"] = end_string # struct keys are always strings
def end_array(self, data):
mark = self._marks.pop()
# map arrays to Python lists
self._stack[mark:] = [self._stack[mark:]]
self._value = 0
dispatch["array"] = end_array
def end_struct(self, data):
mark = self._marks.pop()
# map structs to Python dictionaries
dict = {}
items = self._stack[mark:]
for i in range(0, len(items), 2):
dict[_stringify(items[i])] = items[i+1]
self._stack[mark:] = [dict]
self._value = 0
dispatch["struct"] = end_struct
def end_base64(self, data):
value = Binary()
value.decode(data)
self.append(value)
self._value = 0
dispatch["base64"] = end_base64
def end_dateTime(self, data):
value = DateTime()
value.decode(data)
if self._use_datetime:
value = _datetime_type(data)
self.append(value)
dispatch["dateTime.iso8601"] = end_dateTime
def end_value(self, data):
# if we stumble upon a value element with no internal
# elements, treat it as a string element
if self._value:
self.end_string(data)
dispatch["value"] = end_value
def end_params(self, data):
self._type = "params"
dispatch["params"] = end_params
def end_fault(self, data):
self._type = "fault"
dispatch["fault"] = end_fault
def end_methodName(self, data):
if self._encoding:
data = _decode(data, self._encoding)
self._methodname = data
self._type = "methodName" # no params
dispatch["methodName"] = end_methodName
## Multicall support
#
class _MultiCallMethod:
# some lesser magic to store calls made to a MultiCall object
# for batch execution
def __init__(self, call_list, name):
self.__call_list = call_list
self.__name = name
def __getattr__(self, name):
return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
def __call__(self, *args):
self.__call_list.append((self.__name, args))
class MultiCallIterator:
"""Iterates over the results of a multicall. Exceptions are
raised in response to xmlrpc faults."""
def __init__(self, results):
self.results = results
def __getitem__(self, i):
item = self.results[i]
if type(item) == type({}):
raise Fault(item['faultCode'], item['faultString'])
elif type(item) == type([]):
return item[0]
else:
raise ValueError,\
"unexpected type in multicall result"
class MultiCall:
"""server -> an object used to boxcar method calls
server should be a ServerProxy object.
Methods can be added to the MultiCall using normal
method call syntax e.g.:
multicall = MultiCall(server_proxy)
multicall.add(2,3)
multicall.get_address("Guido")
To execute the multicall, call the MultiCall object e.g.:
add_result, address = multicall()
"""
def __init__(self, server):
self.__server = server
self.__call_list = []
def __repr__(self):
return "<MultiCall at %x>" % id(self)
__str__ = __repr__
def __getattr__(self, name):
return _MultiCallMethod(self.__call_list, name)
def __call__(self):
marshalled_list = []
for name, args in self.__call_list:
marshalled_list.append({'methodName' : name, 'params' : args})
return MultiCallIterator(self.__server.system.multicall(marshalled_list))
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# convenience functions
##
# Create a parser object, and connect it to an unmarshalling instance.
# This function picks the fastest available XML parser.
#
# return A (parser, unmarshaller) tuple.
def getparser(use_datetime=0):
"""getparser() -> parser, unmarshaller
Create an instance of the fastest available parser, and attach it
to an unmarshalling object. Return both objects.
"""
if use_datetime and not datetime:
raise ValueError, "the datetime module is not available"
if FastParser and FastUnmarshaller:
if use_datetime:
mkdatetime = _datetime_type
else:
mkdatetime = _datetime
target = FastUnmarshaller(True, False, _binary, mkdatetime, Fault)
parser = FastParser(target)
else:
target = Unmarshaller(use_datetime=use_datetime)
if FastParser:
parser = FastParser(target)
elif ExpatParser:
parser = ExpatParser(target)
else:
parser = SlowParser(target)
return parser, target
##
# Convert a Python tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC packet.
#
# @def dumps(params, **options)
# @param params A tuple or Fault instance.
# @keyparam methodname If given, create a methodCall request for
# this method name.
# @keyparam methodresponse If given, create a methodResponse packet.
# If used with a tuple, the tuple must be a singleton (that is,
# it must contain exactly one element).
# @keyparam encoding The packet encoding.
# @return A string containing marshalled data.
def dumps(params, methodname=None, methodresponse=None, encoding=None,
allow_none=0):
"""data [,options] -> marshalled data
Convert an argument tuple or a Fault instance to an XML-RPC
request (or response, if the methodresponse option is used).
In addition to the data object, the following options can be given
as keyword arguments:
methodname: the method name for a methodCall packet
methodresponse: true to create a methodResponse packet.
If this option is used with a tuple, the tuple must be
a singleton (i.e. it can contain only one element).
encoding: the packet encoding (default is UTF-8)
All 8-bit strings in the data structure are assumed to use the
packet encoding. Unicode strings are automatically converted,
where necessary.
"""
assert isinstance(params, TupleType) or isinstance(params, Fault),\
"argument must be tuple or Fault instance"
if isinstance(params, Fault):
methodresponse = 1
elif methodresponse and isinstance(params, TupleType):
assert len(params) == 1, "response tuple must be a singleton"
if not encoding:
encoding = "utf-8"
if FastMarshaller:
m = FastMarshaller(encoding)
else:
m = Marshaller(encoding, allow_none)
data = m.dumps(params)
if encoding != "utf-8":
xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='%s'?>\n" % str(encoding)
else:
xmlheader = "<?xml version='1.0'?>\n" # utf-8 is default
# standard XML-RPC wrappings
if methodname:
# a method call
if not isinstance(methodname, StringType):
methodname = methodname.encode(encoding, 'xmlcharrefreplace')
data = (
xmlheader,
"<methodCall>\n"
"<methodName>", methodname, "</methodName>\n",
data,
"</methodCall>\n"
)
elif methodresponse:
# a method response, or a fault structure
data = (
xmlheader,
"<methodResponse>\n",
data,
"</methodResponse>\n"
)
else:
return data # return as is
return string.join(data, "")
##
# Convert an XML-RPC packet to a Python object. If the XML-RPC packet
# represents a fault condition, this function raises a Fault exception.
#
# @param data An XML-RPC packet, given as an 8-bit string.
# @return A tuple containing the unpacked data, and the method name
# (None if not present).
# @see Fault
def loads(data, use_datetime=0):
"""data -> unmarshalled data, method name
Convert an XML-RPC packet to unmarshalled data plus a method
name (None if not present).
If the XML-RPC packet represents a fault condition, this function
raises a Fault exception.
"""
p, u = getparser(use_datetime=use_datetime)
p.feed(data)
p.close()
return u.close(), u.getmethodname()
##
# Encode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
# Content-Encoding: gzip
# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
#
# @param data the unencoded data
# @return the encoded data
def gzip_encode(data):
"""data -> gzip encoded data
Encode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
"""
if not gzip:
raise NotImplementedError
f = StringIO.StringIO()
gzf = gzip.GzipFile(mode="wb", fileobj=f, compresslevel=1)
gzf.write(data)
gzf.close()
encoded = f.getvalue()
f.close()
return encoded
##
# Decode a string using the gzip content encoding such as specified by the
# Content-Encoding: gzip
# in the HTTP header, as described in RFC 1952
#
# @param data The encoded data
# @keyparam max_decode Maximum bytes to decode (20MB default), use negative
# values for unlimited decoding
# @return the unencoded data
# @raises ValueError if data is not correctly coded.
# @raises ValueError if max gzipped payload length exceeded
def gzip_decode(data, max_decode=20971520):
"""gzip encoded data -> unencoded data
Decode data using the gzip content encoding as described in RFC 1952
"""
if not gzip:
raise NotImplementedError
f = StringIO.StringIO(data)
gzf = gzip.GzipFile(mode="rb", fileobj=f)
try:
if max_decode < 0: # no limit
decoded = gzf.read()
else:
decoded = gzf.read(max_decode + 1)
except IOError:
raise ValueError("invalid data")
f.close()
gzf.close()
if max_decode >= 0 and len(decoded) > max_decode:
raise ValueError("max gzipped payload length exceeded")
return decoded
##
# Return a decoded file-like object for the gzip encoding
# as described in RFC 1952.
#
# @param response A stream supporting a read() method
# @return a file-like object that the decoded data can be read() from
class GzipDecodedResponse(gzip.GzipFile if gzip else object):
"""a file-like object to decode a response encoded with the gzip
method, as described in RFC 1952.
"""
def __init__(self, response):
#response doesn't support tell() and read(), required by
#GzipFile
if not gzip:
raise NotImplementedError
self.stringio = StringIO.StringIO(response.read())
gzip.GzipFile.__init__(self, mode="rb", fileobj=self.stringio)
def close(self):
try:
gzip.GzipFile.close(self)
finally:
self.stringio.close()
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# request dispatcher
class _Method:
# some magic to bind an XML-RPC method to an RPC server.
# supports "nested" methods (e.g. examples.getStateName)
def __init__(self, send, name):
self.__send = send
self.__name = name
def __getattr__(self, name):
return _Method(self.__send, "%s.%s" % (self.__name, name))
def __call__(self, *args):
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
##
# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTP.
# <p>
# You can create custom transports by subclassing this method, and
# overriding selected methods.
class Transport:
"""Handles an HTTP transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
# client identifier (may be overridden)
user_agent = "xmlrpclib.py/%s (by www.pythonware.com)" % __version__
#if true, we'll request gzip encoding
accept_gzip_encoding = True
# if positive, encode request using gzip if it exceeds this threshold
# note that many server will get confused, so only use it if you know
# that they can decode such a request
encode_threshold = None #None = don't encode
def __init__(self, use_datetime=0):
self._use_datetime = use_datetime
self._connection = (None, None)
self._extra_headers = []
##
# Send a complete request, and parse the response.
# Retry request if a cached connection has disconnected.
#
# @param host Target host.
# @param handler Target PRC handler.
# @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
# @param verbose Debugging flag.
# @return Parsed response.
def request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=0):
#retry request once if cached connection has gone cold
for i in (0, 1):
try:
return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
except socket.error, e:
if i or e.errno not in (errno.ECONNRESET, errno.ECONNABORTED, errno.EPIPE):
raise
except httplib.BadStatusLine: #close after we sent request
if i:
raise
##
# Send a complete request, and parse the response.
#
# @param host Target host.
# @param handler Target PRC handler.
# @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
# @param verbose Debugging flag.
# @return Parsed response.
def single_request(self, host, handler, request_body, verbose=0):
# issue XML-RPC request
h = self.make_connection(host)
if verbose:
h.set_debuglevel(1)
try:
self.send_request(h, handler, request_body)
self.send_host(h, host)
self.send_user_agent(h)
self.send_content(h, request_body)
response = h.getresponse(buffering=True)
if response.status == 200:
self.verbose = verbose
return self.parse_response(response)
except Fault:
raise
except Exception:
# All unexpected errors leave connection in
# a strange state, so we clear it.
self.close()
raise
#discard any response data and raise exception
if (response.getheader("content-length", 0)):
response.read()
raise ProtocolError(
host + handler,
response.status, response.reason,
response.msg,
)
##
# Create parser.
#
# @return A 2-tuple containing a parser and an unmarshaller.
def getparser(self):
# get parser and unmarshaller
return getparser(use_datetime=self._use_datetime)
##
# Get authorization info from host parameter
# Host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple; if a string,
# it is checked for a "user:pw@host" format, and a "Basic
# Authentication" header is added if appropriate.
#
# @param host Host descriptor (URL or (URL, x509 info) tuple).
# @return A 3-tuple containing (actual host, extra headers,
# x509 info). The header and x509 fields may be None.
def get_host_info(self, host):
x509 = {}
if isinstance(host, TupleType):
host, x509 = host
import urllib
auth, host = urllib.splituser(host)
if auth:
import base64
auth = base64.encodestring(urllib.unquote(auth))
auth = string.join(string.split(auth), "") # get rid of whitespace
extra_headers = [
("Authorization", "Basic " + auth)
]
else:
extra_headers = None
return host, extra_headers, x509
##
# Connect to server.
#
# @param host Target host.
# @return A connection handle.
def make_connection(self, host):
#return an existing connection if possible. This allows
#HTTP/1.1 keep-alive.
if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
return self._connection[1]
# create a HTTP connection object from a host descriptor
chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
#store the host argument along with the connection object
self._connection = host, httplib.HTTPConnection(chost)
return self._connection[1]
##
# Clear any cached connection object.
# Used in the event of socket errors.
#
def close(self):
host, connection = self._connection
if connection:
self._connection = (None, None)
connection.close()
##
# Send request header.
#
# @param connection Connection handle.
# @param handler Target RPC handler.
# @param request_body XML-RPC body.
def send_request(self, connection, handler, request_body):
if (self.accept_gzip_encoding and gzip):
connection.putrequest("POST", handler, skip_accept_encoding=True)
connection.putheader("Accept-Encoding", "gzip")
else:
connection.putrequest("POST", handler)
##
# Send host name.
#
# @param connection Connection handle.
# @param host Host name.
#
# Note: This function doesn't actually add the "Host"
# header anymore, it is done as part of the connection.putrequest() in
# send_request() above.
def send_host(self, connection, host):
extra_headers = self._extra_headers
if extra_headers:
if isinstance(extra_headers, DictType):
extra_headers = extra_headers.items()
for key, value in extra_headers:
connection.putheader(key, value)
##
# Send user-agent identifier.
#
# @param connection Connection handle.
def send_user_agent(self, connection):
connection.putheader("User-Agent", self.user_agent)
##
# Send request body.
#
# @param connection Connection handle.
# @param request_body XML-RPC request body.
def send_content(self, connection, request_body):
connection.putheader("Content-Type", "text/xml")
#optionally encode the request
if (self.encode_threshold is not None and
self.encode_threshold < len(request_body) and
gzip):
connection.putheader("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
request_body = gzip_encode(request_body)
connection.putheader("Content-Length", str(len(request_body)))
connection.endheaders(request_body)
##
# Parse response.
#
# @param file Stream.
# @return Response tuple and target method.
def parse_response(self, response):
# read response data from httpresponse, and parse it
# Check for new http response object, else it is a file object
if hasattr(response,'getheader'):
if response.getheader("Content-Encoding", "") == "gzip":
stream = GzipDecodedResponse(response)
else:
stream = response
else:
stream = response
p, u = self.getparser()
while 1:
data = stream.read(1024)
if not data:
break
if self.verbose:
print "body:", repr(data)
p.feed(data)
if stream is not response:
stream.close()
p.close()
return u.close()
##
# Standard transport class for XML-RPC over HTTPS.
class SafeTransport(Transport):
"""Handles an HTTPS transaction to an XML-RPC server."""
def __init__(self, use_datetime=0, context=None):
Transport.__init__(self, use_datetime=use_datetime)
self.context = context
# FIXME: mostly untested
def make_connection(self, host):
if self._connection and host == self._connection[0]:
return self._connection[1]
# create a HTTPS connection object from a host descriptor
# host may be a string, or a (host, x509-dict) tuple
try:
HTTPS = httplib.HTTPSConnection
except AttributeError:
raise NotImplementedError(
"your version of httplib doesn't support HTTPS"
)
else:
chost, self._extra_headers, x509 = self.get_host_info(host)
self._connection = host, HTTPS(chost, None, context=self.context, **(x509 or {}))
return self._connection[1]
##
# Standard server proxy. This class establishes a virtual connection
# to an XML-RPC server.
# <p>
# This class is available as ServerProxy and Server. New code should
# use ServerProxy, to avoid confusion.
#
# @def ServerProxy(uri, **options)
# @param uri The connection point on the server.
# @keyparam transport A transport factory, compatible with the
# standard transport class.
# @keyparam encoding The default encoding used for 8-bit strings
# (default is UTF-8).
# @keyparam verbose Use a true value to enable debugging output.
# (printed to standard output).
# @see Transport
class ServerProxy:
"""uri [,options] -> a logical connection to an XML-RPC server
uri is the connection point on the server, given as
scheme://host/target.
The standard implementation always supports the "http" scheme. If
SSL socket support is available (Python 2.0), it also supports
"https".
If the target part and the slash preceding it are both omitted,
"/RPC2" is assumed.
The following options can be given as keyword arguments:
transport: a transport factory
encoding: the request encoding (default is UTF-8)
All 8-bit strings passed to the server proxy are assumed to use
the given encoding.
"""
def __init__(self, uri, transport=None, encoding=None, verbose=0,
allow_none=0, use_datetime=0, context=None):
# establish a "logical" server connection
if unicode and isinstance(uri, unicode):
uri = uri.encode('ISO-8859-1')
# get the url
import urllib
type, uri = urllib.splittype(uri)
if type not in ("http", "https"):
raise IOError, "unsupported XML-RPC protocol"
self.__host, self.__handler = urllib.splithost(uri)
if not self.__handler:
self.__handler = "/RPC2"
if transport is None:
if type == "https":
transport = SafeTransport(use_datetime=use_datetime, context=context)
else:
transport = Transport(use_datetime=use_datetime)
self.__transport = transport
self.__encoding = encoding
self.__verbose = verbose
self.__allow_none = allow_none
def __close(self):
self.__transport.close()
def __request(self, methodname, params):
# call a method on the remote server
request = dumps(params, methodname, encoding=self.__encoding,
allow_none=self.__allow_none)
response = self.__transport.request(
self.__host,
self.__handler,
request,
verbose=self.__verbose
)
if len(response) == 1:
response = response[0]
return response
def __repr__(self):
return (
"<ServerProxy for %s%s>" %
(self.__host, self.__handler)
)
__str__ = __repr__
def __getattr__(self, name):
# magic method dispatcher
return _Method(self.__request, name)
# note: to call a remote object with a non-standard name, use
# result getattr(server, "strange-python-name")(args)
def __call__(self, attr):
"""A workaround to get special attributes on the ServerProxy
without interfering with the magic __getattr__
"""
if attr == "close":
return self.__close
elif attr == "transport":
return self.__transport
raise AttributeError("Attribute %r not found" % (attr,))
# compatibility
Server = ServerProxy
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# test code
if __name__ == "__main__":
server = ServerProxy("http://localhost:8000")
print server
multi = MultiCall(server)
multi.pow(2, 9)
multi.add(5, 1)
multi.add(24, 11)
try:
for response in multi():
print response
except Error, v:
print "ERROR", v
Life is a race … If you don’t run fast…
you will be like a broken andaa… Viru Sahastrabudhhe
We Do Unconventional
Things for your business
Scroll Down
Life is a race … If you don’t run fast…
you will be like a broken andaa… Viru Sahastrabudhhe
We Do
Unconventional
Things for your business
Scroll Down
Bored Of Old School Strategies?
Conventional strategies do no justice to complex modern problems. Bringing in kickass blueprints to escalate your exclusive ideas to the growth trajectory.
Falling In Love With Your Problems
Your problems are our play! You get to decide which ‘solutions’ feel like an astounding fuck yes!
Discover pitch-perfect marketing strategies to deliver complex ideas into simplified solutions.
Diversity in our problem solving approach makes us who we are!
For us every client and their offerings are unique. We offer tailored and hot-off-the-press strategies to produce a unique brand identity. Listening, evolving, and promoting your articles of faith is what makes our work kickass and compelling too!
Arise, awake, and stop not until the goal is achieved
Dr APJ Abdul Kalam
Creativity is seeing the same thing but thinking differently
Christopher Columbus
By prevailing over all obstacles one may unfailingly arrive at his chosen goal.
JRD Tata
Uncommon thinkers reuse what common thinkers refuse.
Lead The Way With Your New Digital Partners
Waiting to get viral? Don’t worry we’ve got your back!
Leading your way through business acumen and business strategies tailored to your needs.
Handholding you since your first lightbulb moment to making a mark in the industry through unique formulas. Bringing unexpected things to the table is in our DNA.
Producing Tailored Solutions
One solution for multiple solutions is hard to swallow. Creating tailored solutions for your unique problems
Setting Benchmarks
Doesn’t carving a path for others give the best kick ever?
Making A Difference
You can’t wait for a case study. You will be too late!
Polscy gracze coraz częściej wybierają kasyno bez weryfikacji przy wypłacie bez ukrytych opłat, aby cieszyć się szybkim dostępem do gier i przejrzystymi warunkami wypłaty wygranych. Tego typu platformy stawiają na uproszczoną rejestrację, nowoczesne metody płatności oraz jasne zasady dotyczące transakcji. Przed rozpoczęciem gry warto zapoznać się z opiniami innych użytkowników, aby ocenić jakość obsługi i niezawodność serwisu.
Jeśli chcesz znaleźć rzetelne opinie oraz porównać najlepsze platformy, casino Revolut Pay może pomóc Ci podjąć świadomą decyzję. Znajdziesz tam recenzje użytkowników, szczegóły bonusów oraz informacje o wpłatach i wypłatach w kasynach akceptujących Revolut.
People searching for gerçek canlı casino usually mean live-dealer roulette, blackjack, baccarat, or game-show tables streamed from a studio with a real dealer, rather than an RNG-only game. To assess authenticity, verify the operator’s licence directly with the regulator, check the named game provider and studio, look for clear rules and table limits, inspect withdrawal terms, and confirm that the service is legal in your jurisdiction; a foreign licence does not automatically make an operator legal in Türkiye.
[canlı casino lisans rehberi](https://guvenilircanlicasinos.com/)[gerçek krupiyeli oyunlar](https://www.livecasinos.com/tr/) [guvenilircanlicasinos](https://guvenilircanlicasinos.com/)
Many Dutch players now look for beste online casino iDEAL to benefit from secure iDEAL deposits, low minimum stakes, and quick withdrawals. These casinos integrate trusted Dutch payment infrastructure with streamlined cashout systems, ideal for users who value speed, simplicity, and transparent transactions. By consulting authentic player reviews, gamblers can identify sites that consistently deliver rapid payouts and a seamless gaming experience.
Gli online casinos with bancoposta sono principalmente operatori che accettano la carta Visa o Mastercard collegata al conto BancoPosta per depositi e, in alcuni casi, prelievi. Tra i nomi più citati in Italia figurano 888casino, SNAI, LeoVegas, Planetwin365, Gioco Digitale, Sisal e StarCasinò, con depositi minimi spesso tra 10€ e 20€ e limiti massimi che possono arrivare a diverse migliaia di euro. Per utilizzare la carta, di solito basta selezionare Visa o Mastercard alla cassa, inserire i dati della carta BancoPosta e completare la verifica 3D Secure; i prelievi possono tornare sulla stessa carta o sul conto tramite bonifico, con tempi tipici da 24 ore a 3–5 giorni lavorativi.
Gracze poszukujący sprawdzonych platform często wybierają kasyno niemcy, które oferuje przejrzyste zasady wypłat i bezpieczne metody płatności. Przed rejestracją warto porównać limity transakcji, czas realizacji przelewów oraz dostępne opcje wpłat, aby uniknąć niepotrzebnych opóźnień. Opinie innych użytkowników mogą pomóc ocenić rzetelność obsługi, jakość gier i ogólny komfort korzystania z platformy.
Oferty określane jako zagraniczne kasyna bonus bez depozytu mogą obejmować darmowe spiny lub niewielkie środki promocyjne przyznawane po rejestracji i weryfikacji konta. Przed skorzystaniem z promocji należy dokładnie sprawdzić wymagania obrotu, maksymalną wypłatę, czas ważności bonusu oraz ograniczenia dla użytkowników z Polski. Zagraniczna licencja nie legalizuje automatycznie działalności hazardowej w Polsce, dlatego warto zweryfikować operatora w oficjalnych źródłach i grać odpowiedzialnie .
